The Ukraine Fallacies (with Victor Rud)Americans are confused about the history of Ukraine. That's just how Russia wants it.
CONCERNED ABOUT U.S. APATHY toward Ukraine, the American attorney Victor Rud, in his capacity as chair of the foreign advisory council for the Ukrainian National Association, composed a letter to the incoming Secretary of State:
Rud did not write this to Antony Blinken this past January. He wrote it to Condoleezza Rice in December of 2004.
Sixteen-plus years later, the only thing that has changed is the Russian occupation of the Crimea. Putin remains unrepentant. American policymakers remain oblivious, if not flat-out complicit. Ukraine remains essential. And the war continues.
To make sense of the situation playing out in the geographical center of Europe, we must understand the history of, and between, Ukraine and Russia. As the latter has spent the last century and a half in a concerted, systematic attempt to erase the history of the former, this is not always easy.
The popular conception of Ukraine—one carefully crafted by Putin, the Soviets, and the Romanovs—derives from four fallacies:
Fallacy #1: Ukraine is “Little Russia,” a spin-off of the original—Frasier to Russia’s Cheers.If anything, it’s the other way around. As Rud writes in his superb 2014 piece “Russia’s War on Ukraine,” published in Accuracy in Media, Ukraine
In other words, the political and cultural seat of power in Europe transferred from Rome to Constantinople to Kyiv, before migrating West. Moscow was never more than an outpost, lagging behind, struggling to keep pace with its more accomplished neighbors.
Fallacy #2: The name “Russia” derives from the “Rus’” peoples of Kyiv.If the names are similar, it’s to intentionally confuse everyone. Until the reign of Ivan the Terrible in the late sixteenth century, what we now call Russia was known as “Muscovy.” Different place, different history, different people, different culture. The early tsars appropriated the “Rus’” name, hoping to doll up their ho-hum pedigree—like how Norma Jean Mortenson took on the surname of a former president, to borrow some of James Monroe’s class.
Fallacy #3: Ukraine was historically a territory of Russia.Nyet. In the days after the Kyivan Rus’ fell to the Mongols, Ukraine was for half a millennium part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Russia had no dominion over Ukraine for most of recorded history. Ukraine is no more a part of Russian than Normandy is a part of Great Britain. These are яблука and апельсины.
Fallacy #4: Russia and the Soviet Union are the same thing.We conflate the two names all the time—“we,” meaning Americans in general, and “we,” meaning American lawmakers and presidents and foreign policy advisers, who should know better.
Russia is the territory around Moscow. The Soviet Union was a totalitarian empire that occupied and conquered Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine. Russia is merely one of 15 former Soviet “republics.”
Practically, what this means is that Putin has no more right to the Crimea than Germany has to the Sudetenland, or to Bohemia-Moravia. Russia’s occupation of Ukraine’s sovereign territory in the Crimea is no different, fundamentally, than Nazi Germany annexing Austria. That the West allowed this naked conquest to happen is shameful.
Even more shameful is that Ukraine once had the capability to defend itself, and did not need to rely on glorified mob boss Donald John Trump providing aid. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Ukraine had a larger nuclear arsenal than Great Britain, China, and France put together—only the U.S. and Russia had more nukes. To arrest nuclear proliferation, Ukraine surrendered its weapons. It surrendered them to Russia. It did so at the behest of the United States. It did so with the understanding that the U.S. would defend it from foreign attack—that Ukraine would enjoy the same protection the United States has given Japan and Germany since 1945.
And yet when Putin invaded, America shrugged and let it happen. We imposed some toothless sanctions and then looked to make nice-nice with the psychopathic abuser. The U.S. policy toward Putin is forever on “reset.” Why? What more does this monster need to do, to demonstrate his ill intent?
“An appeaser is one who feeds the crocodile—hoping it will eat him last,” wrote Winston Churchill. Indeed. We appeased Hitler, and that genocidal madman kept right on going. When Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, by contrast, we kicked his thieving ass back to Baghdad, destroying his territorial ambitions forever. No one wants war, but no one wants crocodiles in the kitchen, either. Worse, as Rud points out, the U.S. appeasement of Putin sends a message to China and North Korea: It’s all good, guys. Do what you want. We won’t stop you.
Not that we should pursue a military strategy with Russia. Rud has a better idea, as he explains in our discussion, when asked what we should do about Putin:
It’s early, but so far, President Biden and Secretary of State Blinken seem inclined to push yet another “reset” button. The latter promised at his confirmation hearing that he was “determined to do whatever we can to prevent that completion” of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline, a massive boon to the Russian economy; four months later, the U.S. has lifted sanctions and allowed that project to continue.
When will we stop feeding the crocodile?
LISTEN TO THE PODCASTDescription: Ukraine is the largest country in Europe, and is in the geographic center of the continent. Understanding its history vis a vis its more famous northern neighbor is critical to grasping what’s happening right now in the Crimea—and why Western defense of Ukraine is so vital to global stability. Greg Olear talks with Ukraine expert Victor Rud, past chair of the Ukrainian American Bar Association, about Ukraine’s past, present, and future. Plus: A new offering from Time/Life Books.
Photo credit: Vadim Chuprina. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, in Kyiv, 2013.
© 2021 Greg Olear
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